Mud flow dynamics at gas seeps - Nirano Salse, Italy -

Abstract The Nirano Salse , known since the Roman Times, are one of most beautiful and scenic mud volcanoes areas Italy with thousands visitors every year. In this work, we apply novel (for context) hydrogeological techniques to characterize levels in by means GPS-RTK positioning continuous level logging within conduits. This is important quantify gas–liquid ratio conduits evaluate potential for dangerous abrupt eruptions. results presented suggest that different clusters due not necessarily exclude interconnection at depth, a hypothesis, on other hand, seems strengthened time series correlations. presence shallow aquifers depth 5 30 m also supported our field data allows us delineate boundaries reservoir—pipes system its overall shape. may provide temporary storage ascending gas when fluid pressure these exceeds tensional strength sedimentary rock, leakage fluids surface would occur. case, if high, develop into tall gryphons tend have discontinuous activity sudden eruptions after long periods quiescence. This, together knowledge localization has an implication site safety proximity volcanoes. Our inferences based relationships extrusion dynamics can be applied lower risk world high geo-tourist visits, such as those Trinidad, Azerbaijan, Colombia.